Volcanoes are openings in the crust of the earth through which lava flows, ash clouds, gases, and pyroclastic flows, among other things, can be released. The effects vary depending on the type of eruption. Ash clouds can be transported far and wide, affecting air quality, disrupting air traffic, and causing buildings to collapse. Volcanic gases are dangerous for humans and animals. Slowly flowing lava can destroy buildings and infrastructure, while pyroclastic flows are particularly deadly as they destroy everything in their path at high speed. This poses a significant risk to communities near volcanoes.
Our analyses estimate the risk from volcanic activity based on historical volcanic eruptions in the vicinity of the site. Key factors include the frequency of volcanic eruptions and the distance to the volcano.